This course illustrates the diversity of applications for secondary batteries and the main characteristics required of them in terms of storage. The introductory module introduces the concept of energy storage and also briefly describes about energy conversion. A module is also devoted to present useful definitions and measuring methods used in electrochemical storage. Subsequent modules are devoted to teach students the details of Li ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, supercapacitors, lithium – air, and lithium - sulphur batteries. Separate modules are also devoted to describe lithium reserves, extraction and recycling of Li ion batteries.
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